This issue summarizes Bruno Latour's essay on the Berliner Doppelschlüssel, a real double-key used in 20th-century Berlin apartments that enforces a specific protocol: lock the door at night, leave it unlocked during the day. The double-key demonstrates how material objects can encode and delegate social rules, settling disputes between building owners and tenants through physical design rather than explicit agreement.
Terminal Aerodrome Forecasts (TAFs) are cryptic, haiku-like weather predictions produced continuously by meteorologists worldwide that directly inform pilot decisions and shape aviation operations at every scale. These terse textual protocols encode atmospheric phenomena and thresholds that determine individual actions, airport procedures, and global traffic patterns.
Matthew McDowell-Sweet
Sachin Benny argues that AI modernity is reorganizing our relationship to the past the way industrial capitalism reorganized our relationship to the future, coining 'Archival Time' as a condition where traces of prior events become retrievable without recreating the event. He contrasts this with Bakhtin's 'Carnival Time,' bounded periods where accumulated traces lose authority and things get unmade and remade, drawing on William Sewell's eventfulness framework (path dependency, temporal heterogeneity, contingency) to argue eventful history requires a mix of both archival inheritance and carnivalesque rupture.
Sachin Benny
Tim Beiko, core coordinator of Ethereum protocol development, traces how his own need for frameworks to steward Ethereum led to the founding of Summer of Protocols and now the Protocol Institute. He argues Ethereum functions as a 'model organism' for protocol studies—citing the 2017 Parity multisig freeze, Uniswap's constant-product market design and fee-governance debates, prediction markets' oracle problems, and atomic flash loans—to illustrate his concept of protocols as 'engineered arguments' that draw a boundary between formal rules and human judgment.
Tim Beiko